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Mothers of the Military

Support and Politics during Wartime

Wendy M. Christensen

Mothers of the Military examines the distinctive kinds of support required during an increasingly privatized war, specifically material, moral and healthcare support. Mothers are a particularly key part of the current support system for service members, and Wendy Christensen follows the mothers of U.S. service members in the War on Terrorism through the stages of recruitment, deployment, and post-deployment. Bringing to light the experiences and stories of women who are largely invisible during war—the mothers of service members.

Over 2.5 million members of the U.S. military have deployed to Iraq or Afghanistan during the now 16 year-long war. Each service member has loved ones—spouses, parents and children—who provide necessary emotional and physical support during deployment. This book has three goals. The first is to make mothers experiences during wartime visible. The second is to interrogate what support means during war. Finally, it examines the impact of war support on mothers’ political participation.

Ideally, civilians provide moral approval of war, patriotism, and extend understanding and appreciation of the sacrifice enlistees and their families are making. But, in these long wars, public and political approval has plummeted. It is not surprising this narrow slice of Americans dealing with the daily realities of war feels increasingly separate from civilians. Military families are isolated from those Americans who are able to ignore the war or offer superficial expressions of patriotic gratitude.

Mothers occupy a complex gendered location during wartime. Even though women are now serving in combat positions, women have historically held down the home front, where family labor is still assigned disproportionately to women. However, the military does not treat mothers and fathers equally. The military assumes fathers will be supportive of service, and calls on them to be proud of the courageous decision their child has made. They consider mothers, on the other hand, potential impediments to service, not wanting their child in harm’s way. Through each stage of service, mothers take on different kinds of support for their child, for the military, and for war policy.

At each stage of war, mothers are prescribed a gendered support position. In recruitment material, the military assumes mothers will be emotional and worried about enlistment, so they appeal to mother’s love and need for their child to be safe. During deployment, mothers provide supplies and moral support. Declining enlistment numbers and a long war have led to multiple deployments and unprecedented burdens on military families. These mothers step in to help with childcare and finances. Furthermore, mothers are overwhelmingly, according to military studies, the ones providing mental and physical healthcare when veterans need it. As providers of critical systems of war support, mothers bear much of the burden of the current wars.

War provides mothers a way to participate in the national project, but the uneven burden of being a constant “supporter” further marginalizes their citizenship. The gendered support role the military designs for mothers is not designed to facilitate active democratic citizenship but rather to make it seem natural that they, too, fall in line with the chain of command.
Mothers of the Military, as a whole, asks how the acts of supplying material, moral, and medical support end up so often marginalizing mothers as citizens from the political process and under what conditions do mothers resist?
  • Details
  • Details
  • Author
  • Author
  • TOC
  • TOC
  • Reviews
  • Reviews
  • Features
  • Features
Rowman & Littlefield Publishers
Pages: 224 • Trim: 6¼ x 9½
978-1-5381-1423-0 • Hardback • August 2018 • $42.00 • (£35.00)
978-1-5381-1424-7 • eBook • August 2018 • $39.50 • (£30.00)
Subjects: Political Science / Women in Politics, Family & Relationships / Parenting / Motherhood, Political Science / Political Freedom, Family & Relationships / Military Families
Wendy M. Christensen, PhD, is an Associate Professor in the Department of Sociology at William Paterson University in Wayne, New Jersey. She has published in journals such as Ethnic and Racial Studies, Critical Military Studies, and the International Journal of Feminist Politics. Her current research interests focus on how race, class, and gender inequalities shape political participation and grassroots political organization.
Introduction
PART I: RECRUITMENT
Chapter 1: The Bargain: You Made Them Strong, We’ll Make Them Army Strong
Chapter 2: Be All That You Can Be: Race and Class in Recruitment
PART II: DEPLOYMENT
Chapter 3: “Half My Heart Is in Iraq”: The Silent Ranks
Chapter 4: “My Son Fights for Your Freedom”: The Politics of Support
PART III: POST-DEPLOYMENT HEALTHCARE
Chapter 5: Returning Home: The Invisible Burden of Caregiving
Chapter 6: The Few, the Proud, the Forgotten
Conclusion: Is Maternal Citizenship Full Citizenship?

Christensen’s research is based on Department of Defense recruitment and support documents, interviews with mothers, and military mothers’ message boards. Her conclusive chapter focuses on 10 points that political and governmental leaders would do well to consider.


— Booklist


Wendy Christensen doesn’t let us slide into simplistic assumptions about either militarization or women as mothers. Her careful listening over a decade reveals American racially diverse women dealing with their government’s pressures, their own expectations, their strategic choices about when to stay silent and when to speak out. This book has taught me a lot.
— Cynthia Enloe, Author of The Big Push: Exposing and Challenging Persistent Patriarchy


Too often the experience of parents is left out of research about military families, despite military members’ financial, psychological, and other reliance on parents, especially mothers, during enlistment, deployment, and their return, especially if injured physically or psychologically. Through an analysis of online message boards, military documents, and email interviews Wendy Christensen examines the gendered civic engagement of military mothers. Norms related to gender and patriotism encourage mothers to identify with and fiercely support the U.S. military, as well as the wars their children are ordered to fight. The rich ethnography deftly portrays the emotions of the homefront and the unpaid labor required to support troops. Mothers of the Military: Support and Politics during Wartime demonstrates how carework is translated into supplying the next generation of soldiers, coopted as support for military missions, and can also compel critiques of the Department of Veterans Affairs.
— Lisa Leitz, chair of Peace Studies, associate professor of Sociology at Chapman University; author of Fighting for Peace: Veterans and Military Families in the Anti-Iraq War Movement


  • Follows 70 mothers of service members through their entire experience of war (recruitment, deployment, and post-deployment healthcare).
  • Includes an analysis of how the military targets mothers for recruitment, and how mothers’ concerns are managed during the recruitment process.
  • Details the invisible work that mothers do to support service members both during and after deployment.
  • Makes visible the stress and anxiety associated with having a child deployed.
  • Analyzes mother’s online support groups and examines how social media contributes to support networks during wartime.
  • Includes military mothers’ criticisms of the post-deployment healthcare system, including how the VA deals with physical and mental injuries, inadequate PTSD care, and suicide prevention.
  • Shows how women (as mothers) are marginalized from participating in politics, especially during wartime, and how they resist that to claim political authority.


Mothers of the Military

Support and Politics during Wartime

Cover Image
Hardback
eBook
Summary
Summary
  • Mothers of the Military examines the distinctive kinds of support required during an increasingly privatized war, specifically material, moral and healthcare support. Mothers are a particularly key part of the current support system for service members, and Wendy Christensen follows the mothers of U.S. service members in the War on Terrorism through the stages of recruitment, deployment, and post-deployment. Bringing to light the experiences and stories of women who are largely invisible during war—the mothers of service members.

    Over 2.5 million members of the U.S. military have deployed to Iraq or Afghanistan during the now 16 year-long war. Each service member has loved ones—spouses, parents and children—who provide necessary emotional and physical support during deployment. This book has three goals. The first is to make mothers experiences during wartime visible. The second is to interrogate what support means during war. Finally, it examines the impact of war support on mothers’ political participation.

    Ideally, civilians provide moral approval of war, patriotism, and extend understanding and appreciation of the sacrifice enlistees and their families are making. But, in these long wars, public and political approval has plummeted. It is not surprising this narrow slice of Americans dealing with the daily realities of war feels increasingly separate from civilians. Military families are isolated from those Americans who are able to ignore the war or offer superficial expressions of patriotic gratitude.

    Mothers occupy a complex gendered location during wartime. Even though women are now serving in combat positions, women have historically held down the home front, where family labor is still assigned disproportionately to women. However, the military does not treat mothers and fathers equally. The military assumes fathers will be supportive of service, and calls on them to be proud of the courageous decision their child has made. They consider mothers, on the other hand, potential impediments to service, not wanting their child in harm’s way. Through each stage of service, mothers take on different kinds of support for their child, for the military, and for war policy.

    At each stage of war, mothers are prescribed a gendered support position. In recruitment material, the military assumes mothers will be emotional and worried about enlistment, so they appeal to mother’s love and need for their child to be safe. During deployment, mothers provide supplies and moral support. Declining enlistment numbers and a long war have led to multiple deployments and unprecedented burdens on military families. These mothers step in to help with childcare and finances. Furthermore, mothers are overwhelmingly, according to military studies, the ones providing mental and physical healthcare when veterans need it. As providers of critical systems of war support, mothers bear much of the burden of the current wars.

    War provides mothers a way to participate in the national project, but the uneven burden of being a constant “supporter” further marginalizes their citizenship. The gendered support role the military designs for mothers is not designed to facilitate active democratic citizenship but rather to make it seem natural that they, too, fall in line with the chain of command.
    Mothers of the Military, as a whole, asks how the acts of supplying material, moral, and medical support end up so often marginalizing mothers as citizens from the political process and under what conditions do mothers resist?
Details
Details
  • Rowman & Littlefield Publishers
    Pages: 224 • Trim: 6¼ x 9½
    978-1-5381-1423-0 • Hardback • August 2018 • $42.00 • (£35.00)
    978-1-5381-1424-7 • eBook • August 2018 • $39.50 • (£30.00)
    Subjects: Political Science / Women in Politics, Family & Relationships / Parenting / Motherhood, Political Science / Political Freedom, Family & Relationships / Military Families
Author
Author
  • Wendy M. Christensen, PhD, is an Associate Professor in the Department of Sociology at William Paterson University in Wayne, New Jersey. She has published in journals such as Ethnic and Racial Studies, Critical Military Studies, and the International Journal of Feminist Politics. Her current research interests focus on how race, class, and gender inequalities shape political participation and grassroots political organization.
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
  • Introduction
    PART I: RECRUITMENT
    Chapter 1: The Bargain: You Made Them Strong, We’ll Make Them Army Strong
    Chapter 2: Be All That You Can Be: Race and Class in Recruitment
    PART II: DEPLOYMENT
    Chapter 3: “Half My Heart Is in Iraq”: The Silent Ranks
    Chapter 4: “My Son Fights for Your Freedom”: The Politics of Support
    PART III: POST-DEPLOYMENT HEALTHCARE
    Chapter 5: Returning Home: The Invisible Burden of Caregiving
    Chapter 6: The Few, the Proud, the Forgotten
    Conclusion: Is Maternal Citizenship Full Citizenship?
Reviews
Reviews
  • Christensen’s research is based on Department of Defense recruitment and support documents, interviews with mothers, and military mothers’ message boards. Her conclusive chapter focuses on 10 points that political and governmental leaders would do well to consider.


    — Booklist


    Wendy Christensen doesn’t let us slide into simplistic assumptions about either militarization or women as mothers. Her careful listening over a decade reveals American racially diverse women dealing with their government’s pressures, their own expectations, their strategic choices about when to stay silent and when to speak out. This book has taught me a lot.
    — Cynthia Enloe, Author of The Big Push: Exposing and Challenging Persistent Patriarchy


    Too often the experience of parents is left out of research about military families, despite military members’ financial, psychological, and other reliance on parents, especially mothers, during enlistment, deployment, and their return, especially if injured physically or psychologically. Through an analysis of online message boards, military documents, and email interviews Wendy Christensen examines the gendered civic engagement of military mothers. Norms related to gender and patriotism encourage mothers to identify with and fiercely support the U.S. military, as well as the wars their children are ordered to fight. The rich ethnography deftly portrays the emotions of the homefront and the unpaid labor required to support troops. Mothers of the Military: Support and Politics during Wartime demonstrates how carework is translated into supplying the next generation of soldiers, coopted as support for military missions, and can also compel critiques of the Department of Veterans Affairs.
    — Lisa Leitz, chair of Peace Studies, associate professor of Sociology at Chapman University; author of Fighting for Peace: Veterans and Military Families in the Anti-Iraq War Movement


Features
Features
    • Follows 70 mothers of service members through their entire experience of war (recruitment, deployment, and post-deployment healthcare).
    • Includes an analysis of how the military targets mothers for recruitment, and how mothers’ concerns are managed during the recruitment process.
    • Details the invisible work that mothers do to support service members both during and after deployment.
    • Makes visible the stress and anxiety associated with having a child deployed.
    • Analyzes mother’s online support groups and examines how social media contributes to support networks during wartime.
    • Includes military mothers’ criticisms of the post-deployment healthcare system, including how the VA deals with physical and mental injuries, inadequate PTSD care, and suicide prevention.
    • Shows how women (as mothers) are marginalized from participating in politics, especially during wartime, and how they resist that to claim political authority.


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