What happens when one empire or hegemon cedes the global stage to a rising power? Supplanting Empires: Power Transitions Across Human History argues that, historically, such power transitions tend to be relatively smooth, resulting in the preservation of the status quo with respect to the global order and institutions. This stems from the tendency of rising powers to be closely associated with declining powers, to the point that they generally support and perpetuate the old ways of governing. They maintain similar governing institutions, retain ties to the former empire’s allies, and generally endorse the declining empire’s ideology and norms. The violence involved in such transitions tends to be limited, and societies and economies are typically left undisturbed. To test this proposition, Kendall Stiles and his students undertake a systematic study of numerous power transitions across millennia of human history. The implications of these findings have considerable relevance with respect to the contemporary power struggle between the United States and China.