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Social Media Victimization

Theories and Impacts of Cyberpunishment

Jessica Emami

The public has always appreciated communication technology for its ability to bring people together but every week we read more and more stories of someone who commits suicide, gets fired, gets "canceled", abandoned, or worse, because of a conflict or misunderstanding involving social media. By examining the technological shortcomings of online media platforms as well as the inhumane speed of information travel, Emami emphasizes that the technology itself is implicated in the current environment of ubiquitous conflict and the pursuit of punishing others online. Using theories that originated in studies of extremism and terrorism, Jessica Emami analyzes the processes that drive people to punish others using social media. Emami demonstrates that "cyberpunishment" is driven by outrage against our personal sense of morality, and a deep desire for our act of punishment to be acknowledged by others. This attitude is maximized on today's social media platforms which are, by their very structure, unable to curb or resist cyberpunishment. This book would be of interest to scholars and students in sociology, criminology, and media studies.

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Lexington Books
Pages: 110 • Trim: 6¾ x 9¾
978-1-7936-2964-7 • Hardback • November 2022 • $95.00 • (£73.00)
978-1-7936-2966-1 • Paperback • February 2025 • $39.99 • (£30.00)
Subjects: Social Science / Criminology, Social Science / Media Studies, Law / Criminal LAW / General

Jessica Emami is adjunct professor of sociology at American University. She specializes in technology and globalization.

Introduction

Chapter 1: This is an Outrage!

Chapter 2: Instilling Terror – On- and Offline

Chapter 3: When Images Lie

Chapter 4: No Sense of Face

Chapter 5: News Worlds

Conclusion

Media connect things that would otherwise remain separate. At the same time, they can also be used in various ways to disconnect things that are already linked. Their effects are at once both positive and negative. As electronic communications technologies reshape the world, they inevitably "create chaos, cacophony, vexation, and destruction" along with the various so-called improvements they bring (p. xv). Emami examines how current online media platforms unavoidably create an environment of conflict and misinformation, leading to what she calls "cyberpunishment." Drawing from social-psychological theories including Terror Management Theory and Quest for Significance Theory, Emami analyzes the process through which users online engage in activities that far exceed the parameters of acceptability in ordinary life. As the many real-life examples in the book demonstrate, these incidents, though often caused by exclusively virtual or digital personas, events, and situations, often result in tragedy. Sensitive to the diverse contexts around cyber misbehavior, the book offers a useful guide for not only plumbing the depth of a problem but also finding a solution to it. Recommended. Advanced undergraduates through faculty, professionals, and general readers.


— Choice Reviews


Using communication technology as a unit of analysis, sociologist Jessica Emami drills down to our human quest for acknowledgement, affirmation, and heroism that underlies both individual and online group misbehavior. This book evaluates widely viewed social media accounts, revealing that public shaming, shunning, and knowledge distortion are very much alive in the public sphere. Timely and provocative, Social Media Victimization: Theories and Impacts of Cyberpunishment exposes the predatory and punitive nature of our digital world, warning that anyone can be a target on social media platforms.


— Virginia K. D'Antonio, University of North Alabama


Social Media Victimization explores the treacherous world of social media where winners achieve fame and losers are ostracized. The book examines the role of rewards and punishment in an environment where sensationalism sells and polarization ignites conflict. An innovative book, Social Media Victimization is a must read for anyone interested in radicalization and political polarization.


— Christine Sixta Rinehart, University of South Carolina


In clear and precise prose, Jessica Emami lays out compelling arguments regarding one of the most disturbing and ubiquitous forms of social hate in our time: cyberpunishment or “cancelling.” Explaining various reasons for why people in seemingly anonymous web space bully, harass, cancel, and mob one another, the author brings us closer to understanding and, hopefully, minimizing the impact of this social scourge. A must read.


— Corinne E. Blackmer, Southern Connecticut State University


As social media increasingly shapes our shared discourse, its manipulation can victimize not only individuals but also deny freedom of thought and speech to society writ large, endangering the traditional institutions of democratic governance and the rule of law. Jessica Emami opens the complexity of expression on social media platforms, refuting the myth that the expansive role of technology in our lives is essentially healthy and liberating. The many open questions brought forth by Social Media Victimization: Theories and Impacts of Cyberpunishment can inform the work of legal theorists, legislators, corporations, and activists as they seek solutions to the harmful repercussions of our new modes of social interaction.


— Mariam Memarsadeghi, Macdonald-Laurier Institute


Dr. Emami’s superb book, meanwhile, is an ideal platform for exploring many of the contested spaces of the social media domain. Highly recommended for sociologists, scholars, specialists, and the general public alike, it illuminates a path forward out of the shadowy corners of the cybersphere.


— Joseph M. Skelly, College of Mount Saint Vincent


Emami’s work provides a thought-provoking exploration of many of the ‘harms’ associated with the online world, which are not often discussed, while also trying to embed these ‘harms’ in human behaviour. This is a fascinating contribution to our knowledge of the online world. I would recommend anyone interested in social media usage more generally to read it, with Emami’s work providing a significant contribution to any psychology, criminology or legal course which touches upon social media.


— International Review of Victimology


Dr. Emami's superb book is an ideal platform for exploring many of the contested spaces of the social media domain. Highly recommended for sociologists, scholars, specialists, and the general public alike, it illuminates a path forward out of the shadowy corners of the cybersphere.


— ASMEA: Association for the Study of the Middle East and Africa


Social Media Victimization

Theories and Impacts of Cyberpunishment

Cover Image
Hardback
Paperback
Summary
Summary
  • The public has always appreciated communication technology for its ability to bring people together but every week we read more and more stories of someone who commits suicide, gets fired, gets "canceled", abandoned, or worse, because of a conflict or misunderstanding involving social media. By examining the technological shortcomings of online media platforms as well as the inhumane speed of information travel, Emami emphasizes that the technology itself is implicated in the current environment of ubiquitous conflict and the pursuit of punishing others online. Using theories that originated in studies of extremism and terrorism, Jessica Emami analyzes the processes that drive people to punish others using social media. Emami demonstrates that "cyberpunishment" is driven by outrage against our personal sense of morality, and a deep desire for our act of punishment to be acknowledged by others. This attitude is maximized on today's social media platforms which are, by their very structure, unable to curb or resist cyberpunishment. This book would be of interest to scholars and students in sociology, criminology, and media studies.

Details
Details
  • Lexington Books
    Pages: 110 • Trim: 6¾ x 9¾
    978-1-7936-2964-7 • Hardback • November 2022 • $95.00 • (£73.00)
    978-1-7936-2966-1 • Paperback • February 2025 • $39.99 • (£30.00)
    Subjects: Social Science / Criminology, Social Science / Media Studies, Law / Criminal LAW / General
Author
Author
  • Jessica Emami is adjunct professor of sociology at American University. She specializes in technology and globalization.

Table of Contents
Table of Contents
  • Introduction

    Chapter 1: This is an Outrage!

    Chapter 2: Instilling Terror – On- and Offline

    Chapter 3: When Images Lie

    Chapter 4: No Sense of Face

    Chapter 5: News Worlds

    Conclusion

Reviews
Reviews
  • Media connect things that would otherwise remain separate. At the same time, they can also be used in various ways to disconnect things that are already linked. Their effects are at once both positive and negative. As electronic communications technologies reshape the world, they inevitably "create chaos, cacophony, vexation, and destruction" along with the various so-called improvements they bring (p. xv). Emami examines how current online media platforms unavoidably create an environment of conflict and misinformation, leading to what she calls "cyberpunishment." Drawing from social-psychological theories including Terror Management Theory and Quest for Significance Theory, Emami analyzes the process through which users online engage in activities that far exceed the parameters of acceptability in ordinary life. As the many real-life examples in the book demonstrate, these incidents, though often caused by exclusively virtual or digital personas, events, and situations, often result in tragedy. Sensitive to the diverse contexts around cyber misbehavior, the book offers a useful guide for not only plumbing the depth of a problem but also finding a solution to it. Recommended. Advanced undergraduates through faculty, professionals, and general readers.


    — Choice Reviews


    Using communication technology as a unit of analysis, sociologist Jessica Emami drills down to our human quest for acknowledgement, affirmation, and heroism that underlies both individual and online group misbehavior. This book evaluates widely viewed social media accounts, revealing that public shaming, shunning, and knowledge distortion are very much alive in the public sphere. Timely and provocative, Social Media Victimization: Theories and Impacts of Cyberpunishment exposes the predatory and punitive nature of our digital world, warning that anyone can be a target on social media platforms.


    — Virginia K. D'Antonio, University of North Alabama


    Social Media Victimization explores the treacherous world of social media where winners achieve fame and losers are ostracized. The book examines the role of rewards and punishment in an environment where sensationalism sells and polarization ignites conflict. An innovative book, Social Media Victimization is a must read for anyone interested in radicalization and political polarization.


    — Christine Sixta Rinehart, University of South Carolina


    In clear and precise prose, Jessica Emami lays out compelling arguments regarding one of the most disturbing and ubiquitous forms of social hate in our time: cyberpunishment or “cancelling.” Explaining various reasons for why people in seemingly anonymous web space bully, harass, cancel, and mob one another, the author brings us closer to understanding and, hopefully, minimizing the impact of this social scourge. A must read.


    — Corinne E. Blackmer, Southern Connecticut State University


    As social media increasingly shapes our shared discourse, its manipulation can victimize not only individuals but also deny freedom of thought and speech to society writ large, endangering the traditional institutions of democratic governance and the rule of law. Jessica Emami opens the complexity of expression on social media platforms, refuting the myth that the expansive role of technology in our lives is essentially healthy and liberating. The many open questions brought forth by Social Media Victimization: Theories and Impacts of Cyberpunishment can inform the work of legal theorists, legislators, corporations, and activists as they seek solutions to the harmful repercussions of our new modes of social interaction.


    — Mariam Memarsadeghi, Macdonald-Laurier Institute


    Dr. Emami’s superb book, meanwhile, is an ideal platform for exploring many of the contested spaces of the social media domain. Highly recommended for sociologists, scholars, specialists, and the general public alike, it illuminates a path forward out of the shadowy corners of the cybersphere.


    — Joseph M. Skelly, College of Mount Saint Vincent


    Emami’s work provides a thought-provoking exploration of many of the ‘harms’ associated with the online world, which are not often discussed, while also trying to embed these ‘harms’ in human behaviour. This is a fascinating contribution to our knowledge of the online world. I would recommend anyone interested in social media usage more generally to read it, with Emami’s work providing a significant contribution to any psychology, criminology or legal course which touches upon social media.


    — International Review of Victimology


    Dr. Emami's superb book is an ideal platform for exploring many of the contested spaces of the social media domain. Highly recommended for sociologists, scholars, specialists, and the general public alike, it illuminates a path forward out of the shadowy corners of the cybersphere.


    — ASMEA: Association for the Study of the Middle East and Africa


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